The term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy, an American computer scientist, at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956. Today, AI is a generic term that ranges from Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to actual robotics.
Artificial intelligence has grown in importance recently, partly due to big data and the increase in the speed, size, and variety of data that companies collect today. For example, AI can recognize patterns in data more efficiently than humans, giving companies more insight into their data.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
AI can be categorized in a number of ways. Here are two examples:
The first type classifies AI systems as either weak or strong AI. Weak AI (weak or narrow AI) is an AI system that is developed and trained for a specific task. Virtual personal assistants, like Apple's Siri, are a sort of weak AI.
Strong AI, also known as general artificial intelligence, is an AI system that has generalized human cognitive skills so that when faced with an unknown task, it has enough intelligence to come up with a solution. The Turing test, which was developed by mathematician Alan Turing in 1950, is a method to determine whether a computer can actually think like a human. However, the method is controversial.
Arend Hintze, professor of Integrative Biology and computing from Michigan State University categorizes Artificial Intelligence into four types, from the types of AI systems that exist today to sentient systems that don't yet exist. Its categories are:
Type 1: reactive machines: One example is Deep Blue, the IBM chess program that Garry Kasparov defeated in the 1990s. He analyzes possible moves - his own and his opponent - and chooses the most strategic move. Google's Deep Blue and AlphaGO are designed for limited purposes and cannot simply be applied to any other situation.
Type 2: Limited storage : These AI systems can use past experiences to form future decisions. Some of the decision-making functions in autonomous vehicles are designed in this way. Observations that happen in the not too distant future, such as a car changing lanes. These observations are not saved permanently.
Type 3: self-awareness. In this category, AI systems have self-confidence or awareness. Machines with self-confidence understand their current state and can use the information to infer what others are feeling. This type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) does not yet exist.
Examples of AI technology
Automation is the process by which a system or process works automatically. For example, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) can be programmed to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that would normally be performed by humans. RPA differs from IT automation in that it can adapt to changing circumstances.
Machine learning is the science of making a computer act without programming. Deep learning is a branch of machine learning and can be understood as an automation of predictive analytics. There are three types of machine learning algorithms: supervised learning, in which records are tagged so that patterns are recognized and used to tag new records; unsupervised learning, in which records are not labeled and sorted based on similarities or differences; and reinforcement learning, in which data records are not marked, but rather feedback is given to the AI system after one or more actions.
Machine vision is the science of "letting computers see". It is often compared to human vision, but machine vision is not tied to biology and, for example, can be programmed to see through walls. It is used in a number of applications from signature identification to medical image analysis. Computer vision, which focuses on machine vision, is often combined with machine vision.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the processing of human language by a computer virus . One of the oldest and most well-known examples of NLP is spam detection, which looks at the subject line and body of an email and decides whether it is junk email. Current approaches to NLP are supported machine learning. NLP tasks Pattern recognition may be a branch of machine learning that focuses on identifying patterns in data.
Robotics is an area of mechanical engineering that focuses on the development and manufacture of robots. Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult or impossible for humans to complete. They are used in assembly lines for automobile production or in space travel to move large objects in space. More recently, researchers have been using machine learning to build robots that can interact in social environments.
AI applications
AI in Healthcare:
The greatest effort here is to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. Companies use machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans. One of the most popular technologies in healthcare is IBM Watson. She understands natural language and is able to answer questions. The system condenses patient data and other available data sources into a hypothesis, which it then represents with a trust scoring scheme. Other Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications include chatbots, a computer program used online to answer questions and assist patients to schedule follow-up appointments or assist with billing processes, and virtual health assistants that provide basic medical feedback.
AI in business:
Robotic process automation is used for repetitive tasks that are normally performed by humans. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM platforms to uncover information about how customers can be better served. Chatbots have been integrated into websites to provide immediate service to customers. The automation of job postings has also become an issue among academics and IT consultants like Gartner and Forrester.
AI in education:
Artificial intelligence can, for example, automate grading, which gives teachers more time. AI can assess students, adapt to their needs, and help them work at their own pace. AI tutors can provide additional support for students to ensure they stay on track. In the long term, AI can change where and how students learn, and possibly even replace teachers.
AI in finance:
Artificial intelligence is on the rise in financial institutions. For example, AI finance applications can collect personal data and provide financial advice. Other programs, including IBM Watson, have already been applied to the home buying process. Today, software does a lot of the trading on Wall Street.
AI in the legal field:
sifting through documents is often a lengthy process for people. Automating this process saves time and creates more efficient processes.
AI in manufacturing:
This area plays a pioneering role in the integration of robots into the workflow. In the past, industrial robots only performed single tasks and were separated from human workers. With the advancement of technology, however, this changed and robots are taking over ever more extensive processes in manufacturing.
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